Separation-and-Recovery Technology for Organic Waste Liquid with a High Concentration of Inorganic Particles

The environmentally friendly and resourceful utilization of organic waste liquid is one of the frontiers of environmental engineering. With the increasing demand for chemicals, the problem of organic waste liquid with a high concentration of inorganic pollutants in the processing of petroleum, coal, and natural gas is becoming more serious. In this study, the high-speed self-rotation and flipping of particles in a three-dimensional cyclonic turbulent field was examined using a synchronous high-speed camera technique; the self-rotation speed was found to reach 2000–6000 rad·s⁻¹. Based on these findings, a cyclonic gas-stripping method for the removal of organic matter from the pores of particles was invented. A technological process was developed to recover organic matter from waste liquid by cyclonic gas stripping and classifying inorganic particles by means of airflow acceleration classification. A demonstration device was built in Sinopec’s first ebullated-bed hydro-treatment unit for residual oil. Compared with the T-STAR fixed-bed gas-stripping technology designed in the United States, the maximum liquid-removal efficiency of the catalyst particles in this new process is 44.9% greater at the same temperature, and the time required to realize 95% liquid-removal efficiency is decreased from 1956.5 to 8.4 s. In addition, we achieved the classification and reuse of the catalyst particles contained in waste liquid according to their activity. A proposal to use this new technology was put forward regarding the control of organic waste liquid and the classification recovery of inorganic particles in an ebullated-bed hydro-treatment process for residual oil with a processing capacity of 2 × 10⁶ t·a⁻¹. It is estimated that the use of this new technology will lead to the recovery of 3100 t·a⁻¹ of diesel fuel and 647 t·a⁻¹ of high-activity catalyst; in addition, it will reduce the consumption of fresh catalyst by 518 t·a⁻¹. The direct economic benefits of this process will be as high as 37.28 million CNY per year.     

浅议油罐消防泡沫管线的腐蚀问题

针对油罐消防泡沫管线的腐蚀问题,通过对管线施工及使用过程中各种影响因素的分析,得出管线产生腐蚀的几种可能原因,进而采取相应的措施。     

催化裂化分馏和吸收稳定全流程模拟与优化

应用Aspen-Plus流程模拟软件,对金陵石化Ⅰ催化裂化分馏和吸收稳定系统进行全流程模拟,产品的恩氏蒸馏曲线基本与实际相符。分析得出,随着分馏塔顶循、一中返塔温度的上升,汽油干点和柴油的95%馏出温度均上升,此外,在保证稳定塔塔底再沸器热负荷和分馏塔产品质量合格的前提下,模拟求得一中最小循环量和相应的油浆占总取热量的最大比例;其次,随着补充吸收剂流量的增大,干气中C_3~+的体积分数逐渐降低,解吸塔和稳定塔再沸器的热负荷逐渐增大;随着解吸塔再沸器热负荷的增加,液态烃中C_2体积分数逐渐下降,稳定塔再沸器的热负荷也随之增大。由此可知,为了保证产品质量,需调节分馏塔各相应段的取热量,并调节好吸收稳定系统的再沸器热负荷、液气比等操作参数。整个模拟与优化过程对生产具有积极的指导意义。     

预知性维修中的轴承测振

根据设备磨损的规律说明了预知性维修的必要性;阐述了常用轴承磨损的原因;介绍了测振仪的使用原理及传感器安装要点;通过具体事例证实了轴承测振在预知性维修中起到不可忽视的作用。     

C8芳烃异构化反应温升分析

通过对C8芳烃异构化反应机理的分析．异构化反应温升与反应产物中非芳烃增量密切相关，是异构化反应温度和压力共同作用的宏观表现．能直接反映异构化反应情况。对减少C8芳烃加工损失，生产负荷调整，保证对二甲苯质量要重指导作用。     

双分散颗粒湍动床反应器的多尺度模拟及细粉夹带优化

S-zorb吸附脱硫工艺技术是生产超低硫含量汽油的关键技术。目前,S-zorb湍动床反应器内的细粉夹带严重,容易堵塞其顶部过滤器,是影响反应器使用寿命和工艺流程运行周期的主要原因。因此,深入研究其反应器内的吸附剂颗粒和细粉颗粒的运动行为对优化反应器和提升工艺运行效率非常重要。本研究采用多尺度计算流体力学方法对双分散颗粒S-zorb湍动床反应器进行了模拟研究,考察了减少细粉夹带的优化方案。首先,比较了不同非均匀EMMS-bubbling曳力模型和EMMS-ANN模型对双分散颗粒运动行为的影响,发现采用上述两个模型都能合理预测吸附剂颗粒的流动行为和浓度分布,但EMMS-ANN模型对细粉颗粒的夹带量预测与工厂实验值的偏差大于前者。考察了一系列设计改造方案对减少细粉夹带的影响,结果表明,适当增大沉降段圆柱高度和半径以及增设固相出口横管都有助于减少细粉夹带,其中在反应区和沉降段之间的过渡区增设固相出口横管以及增大沉降段半径的方案对减少细粉夹带最有效。研究结果将有助于S-zorb工艺的进一步优化和升级。     

糖类脱水生成5-羟甲基糠醛的研究进展

概括了利用生物质资源制备5-羟甲基糠醛的理论依据和现实意义;综述了5-羟甲基糠醛的制备方法及研究进展,重点讨论了制备过程中所用催化剂的发展。     

C_4气体烷基化工艺及其催化剂研究进展

文章综述了国内外烷基化反应工艺应用概况;研究了烷基化反应机理;讨论了目前石油炼制工业中使用的液体酸及固体酸烷基化工艺;介绍了正在研究开发的固体酸烷基化催化剂及其展望。     

啮合转子冷却系统有限元分析

利用Pro/E中的Pro/Mechanica模块对两种不同类型转子的冷却水道性能进行稳态模拟,分析两种转子冷却水道的温度场及各个截面的温度场。结果表明,带有螺旋角的螺旋结构迷宫式强制冷却方式对转子冷却效果较好,增大了转子的冷却面积,利于转子体表冷却。     

M250-HV型螺杆压缩机事故分析

对M250-HV型单级双螺杆压缩机螺杆抱死、电机烧毁的事故进行了理论和实际分析,找到其原因及控制对策,总结了经验和教训,为以后的安全运行作了保障。